
The car bomb, a popular form of improvised explosive device (IED), also known as “the poor man’s airforce” has a complex history of development that stretches back for almost 100 years.
The first recorded execution of a car bomb attack was actually a “cart” bomb. In 1920, Italian anarchist Mario Buda parked a horse-drawn wagon filled with explosives across from the JP Morgan building in New York’s business district, killing 40 and wounding 200.
After its inception, the first crucial phase of the car bomb’s development occurred in late 1940’s Palestine, where fascists filled trucks with explosives to kill their British and Palestinian opponents.
From thereon the car bomb became a sporadic trend in a variety of conflict hotspots. Vehicle-induced massacres occurred in Saigon, Palermo, Algiers and Northern Ireland. It was the Irish Republican Army (IRA) who took the technology to the next level, using next-generation bombs that were made from easy-to-acquire industrial ingredients. Consequently, the modern car bomb was born and urban terrorists were able to level the playing field against their government rivals.
In the 1980s, Hezbollah perfected the use of car bombs within the context of state conflict and used IED-propelled ground terror strategies to challenge the advanced military technologies of Israel, France and the US. Recognizing the potential of VBIEDs (Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Devices) The CIA decided to experiment with the technology, training Afghani Mujahedin to use car bombs against the Russian forces in Kabul.

All of these stages of development laid the groundwork for the popularization of VBIED terrorism in major urban centres throughout the 90s. Key targets were hit in London, Manhattan, Oklahoma City, Nairobi, Colombo, Buenos Aires, Bombay, etc, inflicting thousands of deaths and billions of dollars in damage.
Since the invasion of Iraq, the car bomb has gone from a worldwide phenomenon, used by extremists to target specific financial and governmental nodes, to a daily feature of modern urban warfare. In May 2007, IED incidents in Iraq peaked at 60 per day, but have since declined sharply, while the number of suicide car bombings and use of roadside bombs is beginning to gain momentum throughout Afghanistan.